AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -C3 plants are limited by carbon dioxide and may benefit from increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide resulting from the climate crisis. However, this benefit may be offset by a simultaneous increase in temperature that may cause stomatal stress.

Detailed explanation-2: -Due to their reduced rate of photorespiration and high rate of photosynthesis, C4 plants are more efficient than C3 plants. The main enzyme of carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle is RuBisCO. It shows an affinity for both CO2 and O2.

Detailed explanation-3: -C3 plants have the disadvantage that in hot dry conditions their photosynthetic efficiency suffers because of a process called photorespiration. When the CO2 concentration in the chloroplasts drops below about 50 ppm, the catalyst rubisco that helps to fix carbon begins to fix oxygen instead.

Detailed explanation-4: -C3 plants include around 95% of the shrubs, trees, and plants. While C4 plants are defined as the plants that use the C4 pathway during the dark reaction. The chloroplasts of these plants are dimorphic and unlike C3 plants the leaves of C4 plants possess kranz anatomy. C4 plants include around 5% of plants on earth.