AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The hydrogen ions are allowed to pass through the thylakoid membrane through an embedded protein complex called ATP synthase. This same protein generated ATP from ADP in the mitochondrion.

Detailed explanation-2: -Three major thylakoid membrane protein complexes – PSII, cyt b6f, and PSI – cooperate in LET in order to transport electrons from water molecules to oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). Photosynthetic water-splitting occurs at the lumenal side of PSII at the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC).

Detailed explanation-3: -In thylakoid membranes, glycerolipids form a bilayer matrix, in which photosynthetic protein–cofactor complexes such as photosystem I (PSI), photosystem II (PSII), cytochrome (Cyt) b6/f complex and ATP synthase are embedded.

Detailed explanation-4: -The thylakoid membrane enzyme that couples ATP synthesis to the flow of protons down their electrochemical gradient is called the chloroplast ATP synthase (see Fig.