AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Unlike the light reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membrane, the reactions of the Calvin cycle take place in the stroma (the inner space of chloroplasts). This illustration shows that ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions are used in the Calvin cycle to make sugar.

Detailed explanation-2: -The series of biochemical redox reactions which take place in the stroma are collectively called the Calvin cycle or light-independent reactions.

Detailed explanation-3: -It is performed in the stroma of the chloroplast. The cytoplasm is the site of aerobic cellular respiration which breaks down the glucose into pyruvic acid and energy is liberated in the form of ATP. The pyruvic acid formed in the cytoplasm moves to the mitochondria and enters the Krebs cycle where energy is produced.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Calvin cycle is present in all photosynthetic eukaryotes and also many photosynthetic bacteria. In plants, these reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled region of a chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes.

Detailed explanation-5: -In the C4 plants, the Calvin cycle occurs in the bundle-sheath cells (in C3 plants this occurs in the mesophyll cells).