AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The process of ATP synthesis using ‘free energy’ obtained when electrons are passed to several carriers (ETC) is known as chemiosmosis. The actual point of the synthesis of ATP takes place when electrons pass the inner mitochondrial membrane. Energy is released within this process, resulting in the synthesis of ATP.

Detailed explanation-2: -In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from one molecule to another, and energy released in these electron transfers is used to form an electrochemical gradient. In chemiosmosis, the energy stored in the gradient is used to make ATP.

Detailed explanation-3: -Most biochemists agree that 36 molecules of ATP can be produced for each glucose molecule during cellular respiration as a result of the Krebs cycle reactions, the electron transport system, and chemiosmosis.

Detailed explanation-4: -Chemiosmosis is an energy-coupling mechanism employed by living organisms to produce ATP. In respiring cells, it is one of the major steps of cellular respiration.

Detailed explanation-5: -After an ATP molecule has been used to do work (i.e. it has released its energy), it is converted into adenosine diphosphate (ADP).