PHOTOSYNTHESIS
LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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energy released as electrons flow through the ETC
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energy released from substrate level phosphorylation
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energy released from ATP synthase pumping H+ against their gradient
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energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase
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Detailed explanation-1: -In chemiosmosis, the proton motive force which is the movement of ions across the membrane is the main source of energy responsible for the conversion of ADP (adenosine triphosphate) and Pi (inorganic phosphate) into ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
Detailed explanation-2: -In chemiosmotic (oxidative) phosphorylation, the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP is the proton motive force. This refers to the proton gradient that is evident between the intermembrane space and the matrix of the mitochondria.
Detailed explanation-3: -The energy generated by the hydrogen ion stream allows ATP synthase to attach a third phosphate to ADP, which forms a molecule of ATP in a process called photophosphorylation.
Detailed explanation-4: -The electrons from from NADH and FADH2 flow through the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane generating a H+ buildup in the inner membrane space. This proton gradient (gradient of H+) flowing through the membrane enzyme complex ATP synthetase is the direct energy source for producing ATP.
Detailed explanation-5: -In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from one molecule to another, and energy released in these electron transfers is used to form an electrochemical gradient. In chemiosmosis, the energy stored in the gradient is used to make ATP.