AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The light-dependent reactions convert light energy into chemical energy. The goal of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is to collect energy from the sun and break down water molecules to produce ATP and NADPH. These two energy-storing molecules are then used in the light-independent reactions.

Detailed explanation-2: -When water is split, it produces oxygen, hydrogen, and electrons. These electrons move through chloroplast structures and produce ATP via chemiosmosis. The hydrogen is converted to NADPH, which is then utilized in light-independent reactions.

Detailed explanation-3: -The light-independent reactions, or dark reactions, of photosynthesis are chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose. These reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes.

Detailed explanation-4: -In the light-dependent reactions, energy absorbed by sunlight is stored by two types of energy-carrier molecules: ATP and NADPH.

Detailed explanation-5: -In photosynthesis, a light-dependent reaction uses light energy from the sun to split water which has been taken in by the organism. Water, when split, gives oxygen, hydrogen, and electrons. These electrons move through structures in chloroplasts and, by chemiosmosis, make ATP.