AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Thylakoids are flat, disk-like formations found in the chloroplast. They look similar to stacked coins. They’re responsible for ATP synthesis, water photolysis and are a component of an electron transport chain. They can also be found within cyanobacteria as well as in plant and algae chloroplasts.

Detailed explanation-2: -A third system of membranes within the chloroplast forms an interconnected set of flat, disk-like sacs called thylakoids (3), which are frequently stacked on top of one another to form structures called grana. The chloroplasts contain photosynthetic pigments, the most important of which is chlorophyll.

Detailed explanation-3: -Photosynthesis takes place inside the chloroplasts that sit in the mesophyll of the leaves. The thylakoids sit inside the chloroplast and they contain chlorophyll which absorbs the different colours of the light spectrum to create energy (Source: Biology: LibreTexts).

Detailed explanation-4: -Chloroplast thylakoids frequently form stacks of disks referred to as grana (singular: granum). Grana are connected by intergranal/stromal thylakoids, which join granum stacks together as a single functional compartment.

Detailed explanation-5: -the thylakoid membrane, embedded in the stroma, encloses the aqueous lumen, which is the innermost compartment of the chloroplast.