AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Protons diffuse out of the thylakoid lumen through the enzyme, ATP synthase, producing ATP in the process.

Detailed explanation-2: -The light-dependent stage of photosynthesis involves photophosphorylation of ADP to form ATP. This is catalyzed by the enzyme ATP synthase, which couples this reaction with the movement of hydrogen ( H + ) ions through the enzyme. This can happen in a cyclic process or a noncyclic process.

Detailed explanation-3: -The primary role of ATP synthase in the light-dependent reactions is to phosphorylate ADP to create ATP.

Detailed explanation-4: -The energy generated by the hydrogen ion stream allows ATP synthase to attach a third phosphate to ADP, which forms a molecule of ATP in a process called photophosphorylation.

Detailed explanation-5: -The enzyme that synthesizes ATP molecules during photosynthesis is ATP Synthase. This enzyme is embedded in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast and will synthesize ATP molecules when protons from the thylakoid space flow through ATP synthase and into the stroma of the chloroplast.