AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The enzymes involved in the generation of ATP are glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PD) and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK).

Detailed explanation-2: -The ATP synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme localized in the inner membrane, where it catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate, driven by a flux of protons across a gradient generated by electron transfer from the proton chemically positive to the negative side.

Detailed explanation-3: -ATP synthases produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate with energy from a transmembrane proton motive force. Bacterial ATP synthases have been studied extensively because they are the simplest form of the enzyme and because of the relative ease of genetic manipulation of these complexes.

Detailed explanation-4: -The ATP synthase, also called Complex V, has two major subunits designated F0 and F1. The F0 part, bound to inner mitochondrial membrane is involved in proton translocation, whereas the F1 part found in the mitochondrial matrix is the water soluble catalytic domain.