AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The light-dependent reactions convert light energy into chemical energy. The goal of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is to collect energy from the sun and break down water molecules to produce ATP and NADPH. These two energy-storing molecules are then used in the light-independent reactions.

Detailed explanation-2: -ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions of the photosystems are used by the Calvin cycle in the stroma of the chloroplast.

Detailed explanation-3: -In the light-dependent reactions, energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into stored chemical energy, in the form of the electron carrier molecule NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and the energy currency molecule ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Detailed explanation-4: -This pathway is known as the Calvin-Benson Cycle. The reactions are catalyzed by soluble enzymes of the chloroplast stroma. The energy sources for the pathway are the NADPH and ATP produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Detailed explanation-5: -The light-dependent reactions use ATP from the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle uses energy from absorbed sunlight. The light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane, and the Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma.