AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The light-dependent reactions convert light energy into chemical energy. The goal of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is to collect energy from the sun and break down water molecules to produce ATP and NADPH. These two energy-storing molecules are then used in the light-independent reactions.

Detailed explanation-2: -NADPH formation. The net effect of these steps is to convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. The ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions are used to make sugars in the next stage of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle.

Detailed explanation-3: -The light-dependent reactions use ATP from the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle uses energy from absorbed sunlight. The light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane, and the Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma.

Detailed explanation-4: -This pathway is known as the Calvin-Benson Cycle. The reactions are catalyzed by soluble enzymes of the chloroplast stroma. The energy sources for the pathway are the NADPH and ATP produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Detailed explanation-5: -Chlorophyll is the primary photosynthetic pigment; hence, thylakoid membranes are deep green in color. The light-dependent reactions synthesise ATP and the reductant NADPH.