AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Therefore, photorespiration strongly reduces the photosynthetic capacity of plants, affecting also the normal functions of subcellular organelles, since it induces a complex series of reactions that take place across three separate subcellular compartments: chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.

Detailed explanation-2: -On the other hand, photorespiration is a light-independent reaction that converts organic carbon back to CO2. During respiration, the CO2-fixing Rubisco, which actually has the ability to bind to both O2 and CO2, acts as an oxygenase.

Detailed explanation-3: -Photorespiration reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis for a couple of reasons. First, oxygen is added to carbon. In other words, the carbon is oxidized, which is the reverse of photosynthesis-the reduction of carbon to carbohydrate.

Detailed explanation-4: -Photorespiration allows efficient CO2 assimilation in the presence of high O2 concentrations because it prevents inhibition of the CB cycle by 2PG. This function is key to maintaining optimal carbon utilization and partitioning of newly synthesized photosynthetic assimilates towards metabolism and carbon storage.

Detailed explanation-5: -Photorespiration is a metabolic pathway that occurs in photosynthetic organisms and releases carbon dioxide, consumes oxygen, and produces no chemical energy or food. This process limits the growth rates of plants.