AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In the second stage, ATP and NADPH are used to convert the 3-PGA molecules into molecules of a three-carbon sugar, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). This stage gets its name because NADPH donates electrons to, or reduces, a three-carbon intermediate to make G3P.

Detailed explanation-2: -Stage 3: Regeneration One is exported while the remaining five G3P molecules remain in the cycle and are used to regenerate RuBP, which enables the system to prepare for more CO2 to be fixed.

Detailed explanation-3: -The molecule which is regenerated in calvin cycle for continuation of cycle is RuBisCo.

Detailed explanation-4: -Regeneration. It is the third stage of the Calvin cycle and is a complex process that requires ATP. In this stage, some of the G3P molecules are used to produce glucose, while others are recycled to regenerate the RuBP acceptor.

Detailed explanation-5: -Explanation: Every 3 cycles of the Calvin Cycle (light independent reaction), 6 molecules of G3P are produced; only 1 is used to produce glucose. The remaining 5 molecules of G3P are used to regenerate RuBP to allow the Calvin Cycle to continue.