AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Answer and Explanation: Light-dependent reaction can be considered as a catabolic reaction since it produces energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.

Detailed explanation-2: -Carbon fixation is an anabolic pathway. Metabolism has two main branches, catabolism and anabolism.

Detailed explanation-3: -Carbon fixation, the incorporation of carbon dioxide into an organic molecule, is the first step of the light independent process.

Detailed explanation-4: -The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place within the stroma. It contains enzymes that work with ATP and NADPH to “fix” carbon from carbon dioxide into molecules that can be used to build glucose. The chloroplast’s own genetic material (separate from that of the cell) is also stored in the stroma.

Detailed explanation-5: -Anabolic reactions use energy to build complex molecules from simpler organic compounds (e.g., proteins from amino acids, carbohydrates from sugars, fats from fatty acids and glycerol); catabolic reactions break complex molecules down into simpler ones, releasing chemical energy.