AP BIOLOGY

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

THE CALVIN CYCLE

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
Light reactions and the Calvin cycle are interdependent. Light reactions produce ATP and NADPH. Which are then used in the Calvin cycle. What are ATP and NADPH used to reduce to? Which is the reducing agent and which is the energy source?
A
ATP and NADPH are used to reduce CO2 to a sugar. The reducing agent is ATP and NADPH is the energy source.
B
ATP and NADPH reduce H2O to ADP. The energy source is ATP and the reducing agent is NADPH.
C
ATP and NADH reduce H20 to ADP. The reducing agent is ATP and enery source is NADPH.
D
ATP and NADPH are used to reduce CO2 to a sugar. The reducing agent is NADPH and ATP is the energy source.
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -The net effect of these steps is to convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. The ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions are used to make sugars in the next stage of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle.

Detailed explanation-2: -Explain how the light reactions and light independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis are interdependent on each other. The light reactions produces ATP and NADPH, which are then used in the Calvin cycle. The light reactions produce NADP+ and ADP, which are then used in the Calvin cycle.

Detailed explanation-3: -During the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis: Reduced NADP is produced when hydrogen ions combine with the carrier molecule NADP using electrons from the photolysis of water. ATP is produced (from ADP and Pi by ATP synthase in a process called photophosphorylation (ADP + Pi

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