AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In the first stage of the Calvin cycle, the light-independent reactions are initiated and carbon dioxide is fixed. In the second stage of the C3 cycle, ATP and NADPH reduce 3PGA to G3P. ATP and NADPH are then converted into ATP and NADP+. In the last stage, RuBP is regenerated.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Calvin cycle has three stages. In stage 1, the enzyme RuBisCO incorporates carbon dioxide into an organic molecule. In stage 2, the organic molecule is reduced. In stage 3, RuBP, the molecule that starts the cycle, is regenerated so that the cycle can continue.

Detailed explanation-3: -Carbon fixation is the first step of the Calvin cycle. It involves the enzyme RuBisCO ‘’fixing” CO2 to RuBP, producing two molecules of 3-PGA. Three molecules of CO2 are needed for the Calvin cycle to go through one full turn, producing six 3-PGA molecules.

Detailed explanation-4: -In that first step of carbon fixation, the enzyme rubisco captures carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in order for it to be able to be fixed. The Calvin cycle and carbon fixation are very important because all organisms depend on them in order for the environment to run smoothly.

Detailed explanation-5: -3-PGA is the first stable product of the Calvin cycle.