AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place within the stroma. It contains enzymes that work with ATP and NADPH to “fix” carbon from carbon dioxide into molecules that can be used to build glucose. The chloroplast’s own genetic material (separate from that of the cell) is also stored in the stroma.

Detailed explanation-2: -The light independent process (also called dark reactions or the Calvin-Benson cycle) takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast. Carbon dioxide is modified by series of chemical reactions to form carbohydrates. The energy for these reactions comes from ATP and NADPH generated during the light dependent process.

Detailed explanation-3: -Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts, the light-dependent reactions are located on the innermost membrane of chloroplasts called thylakoid membrane and light-independent reactions occur in the cytoplasm of the chloroplasts called stroma [17].

Detailed explanation-4: -Stroma is the spot where the light-independent reaction occurs. The light-independent reaction is also recognized as the Calvin-Benson cycle, Calvin Cycle, and dark reaction. The name dark reaction creates confusion as the name shows the reaction takes place in darkness but it’s not true.

Detailed explanation-5: -Once the light reactions have occurred, the light-independent or “dark” reactions take place in the chloroplast stroma.