AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Plants rely on the photosynthesis process to obtain energy by two steps: (1) to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose from sunlight in thylakoids; (2) in the Calvin cycle, energy (adenosine triphosphate, ATP) and oxygen (O2) are released when decomposing glucose into pyruvate in stroma [14].

Detailed explanation-2: -Figure 5.14 Light-dependent reactions harness energy from the sun to produce ATP and NADPH. These energy-carrying molecules travel into the stroma where the Calvin cycle reactions take place.

Detailed explanation-3: -ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions are used in the Calvin cycle to reduce carbon dioxide to sugar. The Calvin cycle is similar to the Krebs cycle in that the starting material is regenerated by the end of the cycle.