PHOTOSYNTHESIS
THE CALVIN CYCLE
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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formation of ATP.
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reduction of NAD+.
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restoration of the Na+/K+ balance across the membrane.
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creation of a proton gradient.
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Detailed explanation-1: -By moving step-by-step through these, electrons are moved in a specific direction across a membrane. The movement of hydrogen ions are coupled with this. This means that when electrons are moved, hydrogen ions move too. ATP is created when hydrogen ions are pumped into the inner space (lumen) of the thylakoid.
Detailed explanation-2: -The proton gradient is generated due to the accumulation of protons on the inner side of the lumen and a decrease in pH on the lumen side of the thylakoid membrane.
Detailed explanation-3: -The H+-Gradient Across the Thylakoid Membrane. Light-induced electron transport across the thylakoid membrane gives rise to H+-pumping into the thylakoid lumen. The resulting H+-electrochemical potential difference (pmf) is used for ATP synthesis by the thylakoid ATP synthase.
Detailed explanation-4: -The electron lost from the chlorophyll a special pair is replenished by splitting water. The passing of the electron in the first part of the electron transport chain causes protons to be pumped from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen.