AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -This process is fueled by, and dependent on, ATP and NADPH from the light reactions. Unlike the light reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membrane, the reactions of the Calvin cycle take place in the stroma (the inner space of chloroplasts).

Detailed explanation-2: -For ATP, energy is released with the loss of the terminal phosphate atom, converting it to ADP; for NADPH, both energy and a hydrogen atom are lost, converting it into NADP+. Both of these molecules return to the nearby light-dependent reactions to be reused and reenergized.

Detailed explanation-3: -The net effect of these steps is to convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. The ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions are used to make sugars in the next stage of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle.

Detailed explanation-4: -Subsequently, ATP and NADPH generated during the light-dependent reactions are consumed to transform the six-carbon product into two molecules of a three-carbon phosphate sugar (triose phosphate).

Detailed explanation-5: -THE DARK STAGE (THE CALVIN CYCLE) The dark stage functions if ATP, NADPH and carbon dioxide are present. At the completion of this stage ADP, Phosphorous, and NADP+ are recycled for use in the light stage.