AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The dark reactions occur in the stroma and requires carbon dioxide and the products of light reactions (ATP and NADPH) as reactants to produce glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, which is later used to form glucose and regenerate ribulose bisphosphate (RUBP).

Detailed explanation-2: -The reason these two processes occur at the same time is that photorespiration uses oxygen while giving out carbon dioxide and the dark reaction of photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide while giving out oxygen. Thus, these processes are often studied together to understand the efficiency of the plant system.

Detailed explanation-3: -The light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis utilizes water (H2O) and produces oxygen (O2). The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with carbon dioxide to produce sugars.

Detailed explanation-4: -Dark reaction is also called carbon-fixing reaction. It is a light-independent process in which sugar molecules are formed from the carbon dioxide and water molecules. The dark reaction occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast, where they utilize the products of the light reaction.