AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The thylakoids stack on top of each other, like a stack of pancakes. The thylakoid stacks arrange chlorophyll, accessory pigment molecules, and photosynthetic proteins to capture sunlight and allow a concentration of ions within the sacs. You can see the green color of the chlorophyll.

Detailed explanation-2: -Stacks of thylakoids embedded with pigment molecules are called grana. The inner matrix of the chloroplast is called the stroma.

Detailed explanation-3: -Chloroplasts contain a system of membrane sacs, the thylakoids, some of which are stacked to form grana (singular, granum), whereas others float freely in the stroma. It is on the thylakoid membranes that the electron carriers necessary for photosynthesis reside.

Detailed explanation-4: -Within the chloroplast is a third membrane that forms stacked, disc-shaped structures called thylakoids. Embedded in the thylakoid membrane are molecules of chlorophyll, a pigment (a molecule that absorbs light) through which the entire process of photosynthesis begins.