AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The initial stages of glucose metabolism (glycolysis) occur in the cytosol, where glucose is converted to pyruvate (see Figure 2.32). Pyruvate is then transported into mitochondria, where its complete oxidation to CO2 yields the bulk of usable energy (ATP) obtained from glucose metabolism.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy in food is converted into energy that can be used by the body’s cells. The energy stored in glucose is transferred to ATP. The process can be summarized as: glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water.

Detailed explanation-3: -Glucose is converted into ATP by cellular respiration. One molecule of glucose produces 38 ATP molecules by aerobic respiration in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. The steps involved in cellular respiration are glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Detailed explanation-4: -The classic role of mitochondria is oxidative phosphorylation, which generates ATP by utilizing the energy released during the oxidation of the food we eat. ATP is used in turn as the primary energy source for most biochemical and physiological processes, such as growth, movement and homeostasis.

Detailed explanation-5: -While we know that plants make their own glucose through the process of photosynthesis, plants still need mitochondria to convert glucose into usable energy.