AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In the mitochondrion, electrons-which have been released from a carbohydrate food molecule in the course of its degradation to CO2-are transferred through the membrane by a chain of electron carriers, finally reducing oxygen gas (O2) to form water.

Detailed explanation-2: -There are two main stages of photosynthesis: the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle.

Detailed explanation-3: -In a plant cell, chloroplast makes sugar during the process of photosynthesis converting light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose. In mitochondria, through the process of cellular respiration breaks down sugar into energy that plant cells can use to live and grow.

Detailed explanation-4: -Photosynthetic protists have chloroplasts and are capable of photosynthesis, although not all use the same chloroplast pigments and they often have different chloroplast structure. Heterotrophic protists require organic chemicals from their environment.