AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions are used to make sugars in the next stage of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle.

Detailed explanation-2: -In the light-dependent reactions, which take place at the thylakoid membrane, chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight and then converts it into chemical energy with the use of water. The light-dependent reactions release oxygen as a byproduct as water is broken apart.

Detailed explanation-3: -Oxygen produced during photosynthesis originates in water, not in carbon dioxide. The Calvin Cycle requires ATP and NADPH, products of the light reactions.

Detailed explanation-4: -The light-dependent reactions convert light energy into chemical energy, producing ATP and NADPH. The light-dependent reactions can be summarized as follows: 12 H2O + 12 NADP+ + 18 ADP + 18 Pi + light and chlorophyll yields 6 O2 + 12 NADPH + 18 ATP.