AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In most higher plants, the thylakoids are arranged in tight stacks called grana (singular granum). Grana are connected by stromal lamellae, extensions that run from one granum, through the stroma, into a neighbouring granum. The thylakoid membrane envelops… …of flattened, disklike sacs called thylakoids.

Detailed explanation-2: -There are flat membranous tubules called the stromal lamellae that connect the thylakoids of the different grana. Also, the stroma of the chloroplast has enzymes required for the synthesis of proteins and carbohydrates.

Detailed explanation-3: -Stroma is a colourless fluid that surrounds the grana (thylakoid stacks) within the chloroplast. The stromal lamellae are flat membranous tubules that connect the thylakoids of the various grana.

Detailed explanation-4: -A thylakoid or lamellae is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts. It consists of a thylakoid membrane surrounding a thylakoid lumen. It forms the stacks of disks referred to as grana and its single functional compartment is called as granum. It is the site for the light reaction in photosynthesis.

Detailed explanation-5: -The membrane bound compartments in the chloroplast are referred to as thylakoids. The surrounding matrix/cytoplasm in the chloroplast is called stroma. They are the site for light dependent reactions. The light independent reaction of the photosynthesis takes place in the stroma.