AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mitochondria play a critical role in the generation of metabolic energy in eukaryotic cells. As reviewed in Chapter 2, they are responsible for most of the useful energy derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates and fatty acids, which is converted to ATP by the process of oxidative phosphorylation.

Detailed explanation-2: -In the mitochondria, the metabolism of sugars is completed, and the energy released is harnessed so efficiently that about 30 molecules of ATP are produced for each molecule of glucose oxidized. By contrast, only 2 molecules of ATP are produced per glucose molecule by glycolysis alone.

Detailed explanation-3: -Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions. Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Detailed explanation-4: -Mitochondria utilize oxygen to produce ATP in cellular respiration. These membrane-bound cell organelles synthesize the energy required for cellular activities or biochemical reactions. The final electron acceptor in the ETC-electron transport chain is an oxygen molecule.

Detailed explanation-5: -Our mitochondria take our glucose molecules through a process called cellular respiration which is essentially just a process of breaking down and converting glucose by combining oxygen with a glucose molecule. The oxygen is derived from the air we breathe.