AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In the mitochondrion, electrons-which have been released from a carbohydrate food molecule in the course of its degradation to CO2-are transferred through the membrane by a chain of electron carriers, finally reducing oxygen gas (O2) to form water.

Detailed explanation-2: -The fluid contained in the mitochondria is called the matrix. The folding of the inner membrane increases the surface area inside the organelle. Since many of the chemical reactions happen on the inner membrane, the increased surface area creates more space for reactions to occur.

Detailed explanation-3: -Mitochondria interact with the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, cytoskeleton, peroxisomes, and nucleus in several ways, ranging from signal transduction, vesicle transport, and membrane contact sites, to regulate energy metabolism, biosynthetic processes, apoptosis, and cell turnover.

Detailed explanation-4: -In a plant cell, chloroplast makes sugar during the process of photosynthesis converting light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose. In mitochondria, through the process of cellular respiration breaks down sugar into energy that plant cells can use to live and grow.