AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Stroma is the fluid filling up the inner space of the chloroplasts which encircle the grana and the thylakoids. In addition to providing support to the pigment thylakoids, the stroma are now known to contain chloroplast DNA, starch and ribosomes along with enzymes needed for Calvin cycle.

Detailed explanation-2: -So, the correct answer is ‘Enzymes for carbohydrate synthesis’.

Detailed explanation-3: -The stroma is mostly made up of connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. It provides nutrients to the tissue or organ and removes waste and extra fluid. The stroma may also be involved in the body’s immune response and in the growth and spread of cancer cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -Stroma is the homogenous matrix which contains grana and is similar to the cytoplasm in cells in which all the organelles are embedded. Stroma also contains various enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, and other substances. Stroma lamellae function by connecting the stacks of thylakoid sacs or grana.

Detailed explanation-5: -Inside the outer and inner chloroplast membranes is the chloroplast stroma, a gel-like fluid that surrounds the thylakoids.