AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Definition. A cell containing two copies of each chromosome is referred to as a ‘diploid cell’; human somatic cells are diploid: they contain 46 chromosomes, 22 pairs of autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Diploid is a term that refers to the presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells, with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair. Humans are diploid, and most of the body’s cells contain 23 chromosomes pairs.

Detailed explanation-3: -Since diploid organisms have two copies of each chromosome, they have two of each gene. Since genes come in more than one version, an organism can have two of the same alleles of a gene, or two different alleles. This is important because alleles can be dominant, recessive, or codominant to each other.

Detailed explanation-4: -Humans are called diploid organisms because they have two alleles at each genetic locus, with one allele inherited from each parent. Each pair of alleles represents the genotype of a specific gene.

Detailed explanation-5: -Genome refers to a haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganisms, or in each cell of a multicellular organism.