AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -(in-VER-zhun) A chromosomal defect in which a segment of the chromosome breaks off and reattaches in the reverse direction.

Detailed explanation-2: -Inversions can generate structural problems with meiosis, as with some pericentric inversions. Alternatively, a breakpoint can disrupt an open reading frame or alter gene expression. The consequences can be deleterious, as in some human genetic diseases [6], but in other cases could cause an adaptive mutation.

Detailed explanation-3: -The bidirectional reversion of the two variants was driven by a reversible large-scale chromosome inversion (referred to as a flip-flop inversion). The coexistence of these two variants appears to be a bet-hedging strategy for coping with uncertain environments.

Detailed explanation-4: -There are two types of inversion, paracentric and pericentric, with the difference being whether the centromere is involved in the rearrangement. A pericentric inversion includes the centromere in the inverted segment, while a paracentric inversion does not.