AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Marchantia is a bryophyte that gives rise to male and female sex organs on different thalli called antheridiophore and archegoniophore respectively. Therefore, it is the first bryophyte to produce a dioecious gametophyte.

Detailed explanation-2: -Based on morphological properties that are documented in textbooks, it is apparent that bryophyte plants are unique in the plant kingdom that when a germinated spore develops into a gametophyte, the protonemal stage was absolutely necessary to finish the life cycle.

Detailed explanation-3: -Spores must land on a suitable surface, such as a moist protected area to germinate and grow into gametophytes. The mature gametophyte of many of our ferns looks like a little flat green heart, about the size of a fingernail.

Detailed explanation-4: -Asexual reproduction Additionally, many bryophytes gametophytes produce structures known as gemmae, which are small balls of cells contained in cuplike structures known as splash cups. Falling water can splash gemmae out of the cups and when they reach soil they will divide to form a new gametophytes.

Detailed explanation-5: -The germination process is followed by outgrowth that converts the germinated spore into a growing cell.