AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In the process of spore production in the capsule haploid spores are produced by the diploid sporophyte . This happens by the process of meiosis, the same process by which animals (including humans) produce eggs and sperm, and by which the flowering plants produce eggs and pollen.

Detailed explanation-2: -A structure used by bryophytes to produce spores is called capsule. Inside the capsule, spores develop to maturity by meiosis and are shed by wind currents and breezes.

Detailed explanation-3: -Each spore goes through mitotic divisions to yield a multicellular, haploid gametophyte. Mitotic divisions within the gametophyte are required to produce the gametes. The diploid sporophyte results from the fusion of two gametes.

Detailed explanation-4: -The capsule and seta belong to the sporophyte which undergoes meiosis to produce spores. Hence they are diploid (2n). On the other hand, rhizoids are gametophytic which means they are single-celled and hence they are haploid (n).

Detailed explanation-5: -The sporophyte releases spores, from which the gametophytes ultimately develop. The gametophyte of some bryophyte species reproduces asexually, or vegetatively, by specialized masses of cells (gemmae) that are usually budded off and ultimately give rise to gametophytes.