AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Gametes develop in the multicellular haploid gametophyte (from the Greek phyton, “plant”). Fertilization gives rise to a multicellular diploid sporophyte, which produces haploid spores via meiosis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Pollen grains represent the highly reduced haploid male gametophyte generation in flowering plants, consisting of just two or three cells when released from the anthers. Their role is to deliver twin sperm cells to the embryo sac to undergo fusion with the egg and central cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -Ferns and horsetails have two free-living generations: a diploid sporophyte generation (spore-producing plant) and. a haploid gametophyte generation (gamete-producing plant).

Detailed explanation-4: -The gametophyte has male or female reproductive organs that undergo mitosis to form haploid gametes (sperm or eggs). Fertilization of gametes produces a diploid zygote.

Detailed explanation-5: -A gametophyte is created when the sporophyte generation produces spores. Spores are made by meiosis or cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half. Remember, sporophytes are diploid, so if a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, it will produce haploid cells.