AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Gemma cups arise from specialised green, multicellular asexual buds called gemma. They are receptacles present on thallus that get detached from parent body to produce new individuals. These receptacles are found in Marchantia.

Detailed explanation-2: -Gemmae are green, multicellular, asexual buds, which develop in small receptacles called gemma cups located on the thalli. The gemmae become detached from the parent body and germinate to form new individuals.

Detailed explanation-3: -Solution : Gemmae are green multicellular asexual buds, which develop in small receptacles called gemma cups located on the thalli. Gemmae becomes detached from parent body and germinate to form new individuals.

Detailed explanation-4: -The basal land plant Marchantia polymorpha efficiently propagates in favourable environments through clonal progeny called gemmae. Gemmae develop in cup-shaped receptacles known as gemma cups, which are formed on the gametophyte body.

Detailed explanation-5: -Gemmae cups are green, asexual, multicellular, haploid buds in liverworts like Marchantia. They detach from the parent body and germinate to form new individuals. Protonema is the juvenile gametophyte formed from the spores in mosses.