AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Pteridophytes or Pteridophyta are vascular plants meaning that they contain vascular systems for the transport of water and food material. These vascular systems are xylem and phloem. They reproduce bt spores. They are flowerless and seedless plants and hence they are also called as vascular cryptogams.

Detailed explanation-2: -Pteridophytes are also called vascular cryptogams. Pteridophytes are types of plants without seeds or flowers. So it also goes by the name of cryptogams. Ferns and horsetails are among them.

Detailed explanation-3: -Hint: Pteridophytes are included under the division Pteridophyta in the Kingdom Plantae. They are also called cryptogams because their sex organs are hidden. There is no formation of flowers and seeds in pteridophytes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Answer: b) pteridophyta, because a pteridophyte is a vascular plant that disperses spores and has xylem and phloem. Pteridophytes are frequently referred to as “cryptogams, ” meaning that their mechanisms of reproduction are hidden, because they do not produce blooms or seeds.