AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Final answer: The seedless vascular plants are ferns.

Detailed explanation-2: -A pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that disperses spores. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as “cryptogams", meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden.

Detailed explanation-3: -The ferns and horsetails belong to pteridophytes. So, vascular cryptogams or seedless vascular plants belong to pteridophytes.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Pteridophytes are the most primitive vascular plants, having a simple reproductive system lacking flowers and seed. Pteridophytes evolved a system of xylem and phloem to transport fluids and thus achieved greater heights than was possible for their avascular ancestors.

Detailed explanation-5: -Modern-day seedless vascular plants include club mosses, horsetails, ferns, and whisk ferns.