AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The mature fern plant is the sporophyte structure that produces spores, which are released from sporangia.

Detailed explanation-2: -Ferns are reproduced from spores that are gathered in clusters called sori, which are usually on the underside of the fronds. The spores can be yellow, green, brown, or black. The sori are sometimes covered with a membrane called an indusium, which will lift up when the spores are ripe.

Detailed explanation-3: -Most ferns produce 64 spores in each sporangium. Sporangia are aggregated into clusters called sori. When mature, the spores are released from the sporangia. Once released, the spores germinate readily on contact with damp soil.

Detailed explanation-4: -Spores in ferns typically aggregate into clusters on the bottom of the leaf in structures known as sori. Sori (spore-containing structures) can be seen on the underside of a frond of Polypodium vulgare.

Detailed explanation-5: -Sori are found on the sporophytes of seedless vascular plants like ferns, and they are made up of groups of sporangia. Sporangia are the structures where meiosis occurs to produce the haploid spores. Sori are typically brown or orange, and their function is to release many, many spores.