AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Sori (singular: sorus) are groups of sporangia (singular: sporangium), which contain spores. Sori are usually found on the underside of the blade. Young sori are commonly covered by flaps of protective tissue called indusia (singular: indusium).

Detailed explanation-2: -Sporangium. The reproductive structures on the underside of the frond. Each sporangium is a capsule that contains spores.

Detailed explanation-3: -JANE: The short answer is – nothing to worry about! These neat clusters of dots on the backs of fern foliage are spores, and it is the method by which ferns reproduce. So these dots are a good thing – they tell you that your fern is happy, and virile!

Detailed explanation-4: -Sporangia are usually on the underside of the frond, usually clustered into brown spots or blotches (called sori) that are visible to the naked eye. Sporangia are helmet-shaped capsules that open and fling the spores into space.

Detailed explanation-5: -Fronds that have sporangia are called fertile fronds. In the vast majority of ferns, the sporangia are found in clusters (called sori). These are the brown, black or orange patches that you see on the underside of fronds.