AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Plants such as ferns and mosses are called nonflowering plants and produce spores instead of seeds. There is also another group called the Fungi, that include mushrooms, and these also reproduce by spores.

Detailed explanation-2: -Non-flowering plants can reproduce by spores or seeds. Plants like mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, known as ‘Bryophytes’, reproduce by spores. Bryophytes are nonvascular plants, which means they also lack roots, stems, and leaves.

Detailed explanation-3: -In angiosperms, the flower produces both male microspores and female megaspores. The male microspores are contained within pollen and the female megaspores are produced within the flower ovary. Upon pollination, the microspores and megaspores unite to form seeds, while the ovary develops into fruit.

Detailed explanation-4: -Ferns are plants that do not have flowers. Ferns generally reproduce by producing spores. Similar to flowering plants, ferns have roots, stems and leaves.

Detailed explanation-5: -Ferns, mosses, liverworts and green algae are all plants that have spores.