AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Vascular plants evolved true roots made of vascular tissues. Compared with rhizoids, roots can absorb more wate r and minerals from the soil. They also anchor plants securely in the ground, so plants can grow larger without toppling over. Vascular plants evolved stems made of vascular tissues and lignin.

Detailed explanation-2: -Vascular tissues provide structural stability that allows vascular plants (seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms) to grow much larger than the bryophytes. The seedless vascular plants also lack seed formation, which distinguishes them from gymnosperms and angiosperms considered below.

Detailed explanation-3: -They do not have a phloem or xylem. Nonvascular plants are very small because their lack of a vascular system means they do not have the mechanics required for transporting food and water far distances. Another characteristic of nonvascular plants that sets them apart from vascular plants is that they lack roots.

Detailed explanation-4: -Vascular plants are able to grow taller than nonvascular plants because they have more lignin in their cell walls. 2. They can live in drier areas than nonvascular plants because the cell walls of vascular plants are less permeable to water.

Detailed explanation-5: -The combination of one xylem and one phloem strand adjacent to each other is known as a vascular bundle. The evolution of vascular tissue in plants allowed them to evolve to larger sizes than non-vascular plants, which lack these specialized conducting tissues and are thereby restricted to relatively small sizes.