AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Rhizomes, as seen in iris (Iris) and ginger (Zingiber officinale), are fleshy, elongated, horizontal stems that grow within or upon the soil. The branching of rhizomes results in multiplication of the plant.

Detailed explanation-2: -Have underground stems called rhizomes. Include ferns, horsetails, and club mosses.

Detailed explanation-3: -Fern stems (rhizomes) are often inconspicuous because they generally grow below the surface of the substrate in which the fern is growing. This substrate can be soil, moss or duff. People often confuse rhizomes with roots. Fern roots are generally thin and wiry in texture and grow along the stem.

Detailed explanation-4: -Ferns do not have aerial stems in the manner of many other vascular plants. Instead, the leaves arise directly from an underground stem (rhizome) or a very short vertical stem at or near the soil surface.