AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Damage to the xylem results in a decrease in the flow of water and nutrients throughout the tree. 2. The tree must first start performing photosynthesis in order to make up for the lost nutrients.

Detailed explanation-2: -Injured xylem will carry less water to the branches and leaves. Both of these problems limit the supply of vitally needed water and salts to the leaves. Plants that had little time to prepare for cold temperatures will be more severely injured than those that cooled more slowly.

Detailed explanation-3: -Water is passively transported into the roots and then into the xylem via cells of cortex. Plants absorb water from the soil by osmosis. Root hair cells are adapted for this by having a large surface area to speed up osmosis. The forces of cohesion and adhesion cause the water molecules to form a column in the xylem.

Detailed explanation-4: -Osmosis plays a central role in the movement of water between cells and various compartments within plants. In the absence of transpiration, osmotic forces dominate the movement of water into roots.

Detailed explanation-5: -Phloem transports new materials (the sugars created from photosynthesis) from the crown to the roots. Dead phloem tissue becomes the bark of a tree. The band of tissue just inside of the cambium is the xylem, which transports water from the roots to the crown.