AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Some of the fungi most frequently isolated from fermented and cured meat products such as Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium nalgiovense are known penicillin producers; the latter has been shown to be able to produce penicillin when growing on the surface of meat products and secrete it to the medium.

Detailed explanation-2: -Penicillin is an antibiotic which is commonly used for the treatment of various bacterial diseases. These are called as lactam antibiotics. This is obtained from Penicillium chrysogenum. This is an antibiotic which is active against the Gram negative bacterium.

Detailed explanation-3: -Antibiotics produced by the fungus had stopped it from growing. This led to the discovery of the first antibiotic, penicillin, as we know it today. Penicillin, which fights bacterial infection, is released by strains of the mould Penicillium.

Detailed explanation-4: -In 1939, Howard Florey assembled a team, including a fungal expert, Norman Heatley, who worked on growing Penicillium spp. in large amounts, and Chain, who successfully purified penicillin from an extract from the mold.

Detailed explanation-5: -Penicillium chrysogenum (renamed P. rubens) is the most studied member of a family of more than 350 Penicillium species that constitute the genus. Since the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming, this filamentous fungus is used as a commercial -lactam antibiotic producer.