AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The gymnosperms ( pronunciation (help. info) lit. revealed seeds) are a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes, forming the clade Gymnospermae.

Detailed explanation-2: -The male cones, which are smaller than the female cones, produce pollen. The wind blows the pollen onto the female cones, which then develop seeds under the scales. The scales slowly open until the seeds fall out. Wind or animals carry the seeds to spots where new conifers can grow.

Detailed explanation-3: -Gymnosperms are a group of plants that produce seeds that are not contained within either the fruit or the ovary of a plant. The seeds of a gymnosperm are open to the air and are directly fertilized by pollination.

Detailed explanation-4: -Seed cones of conifers are different from those of other seed plants in having what is known as a compound structure, consisting of an axis that bears modified leaves called bracts, each of which subtends a separate seed-bearing structure called an ovuliferous scale (Figures 5.19, 5.20).

Detailed explanation-5: -Seed from Cones In conifers, male cones produce pollen and female cones produce ovules. Seed are produced through the fertilization of an ovule by a pollen grain. In most conifers, both types of cones occur on the same tree.