AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Gymnosperm seeds are open to the air and directly pollinated. Although it is less frequently used, acrogymnospermae can also be used to refer to gymnosperms. It refers to a wide variety of plants, such as conifers, ginkgos, cycads, and gnetophytes. The origin of the term gymnosperm is greek.

Detailed explanation-2: -By far the largest group of living gymnosperms are the conifers (pines, cypresses, and relatives), followed by cycads, gnetophytes (Gnetum, Ephedra and Welwitschia), and Ginkgo biloba (a single living species). About 65% of gymnosperms are dioecious, but conifers are almost all monoecious.

Detailed explanation-3: -Although it has broad leaves like angiosperms, ginkgo is a gymnosperm, closely related to cycads and conifers, because it produces “naked seeds” on its branches rather than seeds enclosed in flowers and fruit.

Detailed explanation-4: -Cycads are gymnosperms distinguished by crowns of large pinnately compound leaves and by cones, which are typically borne at the end of the trunk in the centre of whorled branches.