AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Leaf hair – It deflects some light and maintains a cool plant temperature causing minimal loss of water. Cuticle – It is an epidermal layer seen in vascular plants, cells of this layer release cutin which is a waxy substance, preventing water loss from the stomata.

Detailed explanation-2: -Water loss through transpiration can be reduced by closing the stomata in the leaves using a substance called ABA. When the stomata is closed photosynthesis will decrease because no CO2 can enter through the closed stomata. Less photosynthesis means less energy is produced by the plant and the plant stops growing.

Detailed explanation-3: -The epidermis secretes a waxy cuticle of suberin, which restricts evaporation of water from the leaf tissue. This layer may be thicker in the upper epidermis compared to the lower, and in dry climates compared to wet ones.

Detailed explanation-4: -The waxy covering on plant leaves, young stems, and fruit is called the “cuticle". It is composed of cutin, a wax-like material produced by the plant that is chemically a hydroxy fatty acid. The purpose of this covering is to help the plant retain water.

Detailed explanation-5: -To reduce water loss the leaf is coated in a waxy cuticle to stop the water vapour escaping through the epidermis. Leaves usually have fewer stomata on their top surface to reduce this water loss. Leaves enable photosynthesis to occur.