AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Gymnosperms are haploid, have spiky, needle-like leaves and are softwood. Gymnosperms are “simpler” anatomically because they do not bear flowers or fruit, and although of different species, are usually only tall evergreens with brown cones.

Detailed explanation-2: -Conifers are the dominant plant of the gymnosperms, having needle-like leaves and living in areas where the weather is cold and dry.

Detailed explanation-3: -Gymnosperms possess needles or scale-like leaves, sometimes flat and large, and evergreen! No vessel elements are found in xylem, so out-competed now by vesseled angiosperms except in certain situations. Gymnosperms exhibit cones or strobili, naked seeds (= “gymnosperm"), but not flowers.

Detailed explanation-4: -Conifers like the spruce, cedar and pine tree are gymnosperms and have seeds on cones.

Detailed explanation-5: -gymnosperm, any vascular plant that reproduces by means of an exposed seed, or ovule-unlike angiosperms, or flowering plants, whose seeds are enclosed by mature ovaries, or fruits. The seeds of many gymnosperms (literally, “naked seeds”) are borne in cones and are not visible until maturity.