AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Flowers, which get pollinated by animals or birds are bright in color, produce nectar and scent to attract pollinators. These flowers are generally larger in size. Pollination by animals is more efficient than wild pollination as many pollen get wasted during wind pollination. Thus, the correct answer is option (A).

Detailed explanation-2: -Angiosperms have several adaptations that make them successful on land including smaller, lighter pollen grains that can be easily distributed by the wind. They also have stamen to produce pollen and small female reproductive structures that allow them to quickly produce lots of seeds.

Detailed explanation-3: -Effective pollination involves the transfer of pollen from the anthers to a stigma of the same species and subsequent germination and growth of the pollen tube to the micropyle of the ovule. Pollen transfer is effected by wind, water, and animals, primarily insects and birds.

Detailed explanation-4: -Over millions of years, flowers have developed scents, colors, markings and shapes to attract certain pollinators, and certain pollinators have developed characteristics such as long tongues or beaks that enable them to reach the nectar in differently shaped flowers.

Detailed explanation-5: -The function of the flower is to ensure pollination. Flowers also provide protection for the ovule and developing embryo inside a receptacle. The function of the fruit is seed dispersal. They also protect the developing seed.