AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -gymnosperm, any vascular plant that reproduces by means of an exposed seed, or ovule-unlike angiosperms, or flowering plants, whose seeds are enclosed by mature ovaries, or fruits. The seeds of many gymnosperms (literally, “naked seeds”) are borne in cones and are not visible until maturity.

Detailed explanation-2: -Gymnosperms. These seed plants do not have flowers or fruit-their seeds are held in cones. Next time you pick up a pine cone, look for loose seeds inside. Male cones make pollen, which is carried to female cones by the wind.

Detailed explanation-3: -Gymnosperms produce both male and female cones, each making the gametes needed for fertilization; this makes them heterosporous. Megaspores made in cones develop into the female gametophytes inside the ovules of gymnosperms, while pollen grains develop from cones that produce microspores.

Detailed explanation-4: -Gymnosperms are a relatively small group of plants that do not flower and bear “naked seeds.” This means that the seeds are produced on the surface of the reproductive structure, rather than enclosed within it as in a fruit.

Detailed explanation-5: -Gymnosperm seeds are usually formed in unisexual cones, known as strobili, and the plants lack fruits and flowers. Both groups use pollen to facilitate fertilization, though angiosperms have an incredible diversity of pollination strategies that are not found among the gymnosperms.